-
Brain and Intelligence, a Quantitative Study of the Frontal Lobes
Ward C. Halstead
Ward C.Halstead. Brain and Intelligence, a Quantitative Study of the Frontal Lobes. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1947
Over a period of twelve years, 1935 to 1947, Halstead gave a special battery of tests to 50 cases of cerebral lobectomy, of which 28 were frontal, and to 187 other experimental and control subjects. The effect of experimental anoxia on the test scores is reported. Clinical psychologists will view Halstead's research with mixed feelings. Its undeniable virtues lie in the long-continued work on one problem, in the experimental precision of the testing procedures, and in the close coordination of the psychological and neurological study. Brain and Intelligence raises enough challenging questions to stimulate another generation of research work on the interrelations between experimental, clinical, and physiological psychology. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
The Perennial Philosophy
Aldous Huxley
Huxley, A. The perennial philosophy. 1945
First edition
The Perennial Philosophy is a comparative study of mysticism by the British writer and novelist Aldous Huxley. Its title derives from the theological tradition of perennial philosophy.
-
Man on His Nature
Charles Sherrington
Sherrington, C. Man on his Nature. New York: The Macmillan Company; Cambridge, Eng.: The University Press,1941
Sir Charles Sherrington in his Gifford Lectures takes the task of natural theology to be a survey of the nature of man and his place in the universe from the point of view of the natural sciences, but with the addition of an evaluation of the conclusions in terms of man's moral intuitions: intuitions that lie outside the scope of natural science. The interest in the survey is greatly increased by his comparing his own with one made in the sixteenth century by Jean Pernel, the greatest physician of his day, and mathematician and philosopher besides. Medical science for Fernel was still about where Galen had left it, though Fernel himself was a man of independent judgment and a good observer not prepared to follow blindly after Galen or any other authority. But of course, he was still confined to what he could see with the naked eye. Since physics and chemistry were as yet non-existent, not only was there no basis for physiology but the concept of matter was vague. The principle of life, that which distinguishes the living from the lifeless, was conceived as a kind of fire and might be corporeal or incorporeal or something intermediate. Today it is possible to speak more definitely. The most fundamental category of the physical world seems to be energy, and the structure of things to be ‘granular’, as though made up of separate but similar packets; the quantum of action, the electron, the atom, the molecule. At the level of living organisms, there is a similar ‘granularity’ in cell structure and the nervous impulse. There does not appear to be anything incorporeal about living organisms as such. The kind of physical and chemical process they exhibit is complex and peculiar, but still physical and chemical. There is no basic difference in the stuff they are made of, only in certain special arrangements of that stuff (Ritchie, A. Man on his Nature. Nature 147, 127–129 (1941))
-
The Organism
Kurt Goldstein
Goldstein, Kurt. The Organism: A Holistic Approach to Biology Derived from Pathological Data in Man. 1939
In this remarkable book by one of the great psychologists and neurologists of the early twentieth century, Kurt Goldstein presents a summation of his “holistic” theory of the human organism. In the course of his studies on brain-damaged soldiers during the First World War, Goldstein became aware of the failure of contemporary biology and medicine to genuinely understand both the impact of such injuries and the astonishing adjustments that patients made to them.
The book was first published under the title Der Aufbau des Organismus: Einführung in die Biologie unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Erfahrungen am kranken Menschen, in 1934 and with only minor revisions in English translation in 1939.
After the rise of Hitler, Goldstein escaped to Amsterdam, supported by The Rockefeller Foundation, where he dictated his work, which would become his magnum opus, in just six weeks. Goldstein described the work being written while in a "time of enforced leisure" in the Netherlands during his flight from Nazi Germany.
-
The Measurement of Adult Intelligence
D. Wechsler
Wechsler, D. The measurement of adult intelligence. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins Co., 1939
Discusses the construction and administration of tests of adult intelligence. The nature of intelligence, need for an adult intelligence scale, mental age and I.Q., intelligence classification, as well as mental deficiency and deterioration are examined. The factorial composition of Bellevue Intelligence Scales is discussed. Specifically, chapters on the selection and description of tests, the population used in standardization, limitations, and special merits are included. Clinical evaluation of brain damage and the use of the tests in counseling and guidance are also discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
Physique and Character
E. Kretschmer
Kretschmer, E. Physique and Character: An Investigation of the Nature of Constitution and of the Theory of Temperament. London: Kegan Paul, 1936
-
Agnosia, Apraxia, Aphasia
J. M. Nielsen
Nielsen, J.M. Agnosia, apraxia, aphasia; their value in cerebral localization. Los Angeles, Calif.: The Los Angeles neurological Society, 1936
-
Language
Leonard Bloomfield
Bloomfield, L. Language. 1933
Perhaps the single most influential work of general linguistics published in this century, Leonard Bloomfield’s Language is both a masterpiece of textbook writing and a classic of scholarship. Intended as an introduction to the field of linguistics, it revolutionized the field when it appeared in 1933 and became the major text of the American descriptivist school. - The University of Chicago Press
-
Intercortical Systems of the Human Cerebrum
Joshua Rosett
Rosett, Joshua. Intercortical Systems of the Human Cerebrum. New York: Columbia University Press, 1933
1st edition
-
Emergent Evolution
Morgan Lloyd
Lloyd, Morgan. Emergent evolution. New York: Henry Holt and Co., 1931
-
The Biological Basis of Human Nature
H. S. Jennings
Jennings, H.S. The biological basis of human nature. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc., 1930
The author outlines the elementary facts and presents the status of genetics. He defends the view that many forms of human behavior and mentality are inherited, i.e., determined by genes. "Again, in man, the general efficiency of the brain, of the mind, is known to depend on genes, for alteration of a single gene may produce feeblemindedness." "We know further that such matters as dullness, stupidity, and their opposites, various diversities of temperament, and the like, depend on the genes. For they are known to depend on the nature, quality and quantity of certain of the internal secretions or hormones; and these latter depend on the genes." Jennings points out that a given characteristic may be determined either by genes or by environmental action. Whether a given characteristic is inherited or acquired must therefore be determined for the specific case. Heredity and environment always work together, but the determining factor in any specific case may be either one or the other. The problems of evolution, eugenics and racial mixture are discussed. Racial eugenics holds out little hope for the elimination of defective characteristics, largely because of the large number of carriers of defective genes who do not show the defective traits. The book closes with discussions of such problems as the transmission of acquired characters, marriage, biology and the self, and emergent evolution. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
-
The Master of Destiny: A Biography of the Brain
Frederick Tilney
Tilney, F. The master of destiny: a biography of the brain. 1930
Dr. Tilney has traced in an interesting and authoritative manner the history and development of the brain. Starting with the simplest forms of life, he describes the nervous system and ascends to more complicated forms with emphasis on the central nervous systems of monkeys, gibbons, orang-utans and so to primitive and modern man. Man's brain is what makes him stand apart from all other living things, but his brain differs only in degree from those of his direct ancestors and his more remote cousins in the scale of life. The story is fascinating. - JAMA Network
-
The Basis of Sensation
E.D. Adrian
Adrian, E.D. The basis of sensation. London: W.W. Norton & Co., 1928
The author summarizes work that has been in progress for the last two years under the following headings: the function of the nerve fiber, the recording of impulses in sensory nerve fibers, the mechanism of the end organ, sensory discharges from various types of receptor, the efficiency of the sense organs (adaptation), and nervous impulses and sensation. Most of the work was carried out with a capillary electrometer plus a three or four-valve amplifier. Brief descriptions are given of the apparatus. "Records have been made of the discharge of sensory impulses produced by the following stimuli: tension on a muscle, pressure, touch, movement of hairs, and pricking with a needlepoint. With constant stimulation, the discharge from the end organs in the skin declines in frequency much more rapidly than from a muscle or a pressure organ. This difference in the adaptation rate of the end organs corresponds with the different types of reflex action which they produce, and the end organs may be classified, like the reflexes, as 'postural' or 'phasic.' The impulses produced by a pain stimulus are of the usual type and have the usual range of frequency, but there is some evidence that the discharge must have a certain mass (duration and intensity) if it is to evoke the pain reaction." The central nervous system (whose fibers carry impulses of the usual type) derives all of its information concerning the stimulus applied to a single end-organ from the rate at which the end organ becomes adapted to a constant stimulus. The intensity of sensation is proportional to the frequency of impulses in the nerve fiber. Sensation quality depends upon central connections. Visual adaptation and protopathic and epicritic sensitivity are discussed. 31 figures, but no bibliography. -PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved
-
Evolution in modern thought
Ernst Haeckel
Haeckel, E. Evolution in modern thought. New York: Modern Library, [1924]
See also Ernst Haeckel (1834–1919): The German Darwin and his impact on modern biology
-
The Mechanism of the Brain and the Function of the Frontal Lobes
Leonardo Bianchi
Bianchi, L. The mechanism of the brain and the function of the frontal lobe. Edinburgh, 1922
"Bianchi showed that bilateral destruction of the frontal lobes caused character changes, a finding put to practical use by Egas Moniz and others." - Garrison-Morton
Printing is not supported at the primary Gallery Thumbnail page. Please first navigate to a specific Image before printing.
